Medical blog

Placenta prelying — such arrangement of a placenta in the bottom department of a uterus at which the placenta in full or in part closes an internal part of the channel of a neck of a uterus (an internal pharynx). If the placenta edge is located near to an internal pharynx (on distance less than 6 sm), but does not reach it, such condition is called as a low arrangement of a placenta.
The main reasons conducting to placentae, — a pathology of a mucous membrane of a uterus owing to inflammatory processes, abortions, pathological sorts, infantility, anomalies of development of a uterus, (located under a mucous membrane) uterus myomas. egg thus does not find necessary conditions for implantation in the top segment of a uterus (that is observed in norm) owing to what it falls to a uterus bottom (its bottom segment).
At full prelying of a placenta the bleeding arises in terms of 25-30 weeks and repeats more often, than at its partial prelying. At partial prelying of a placenta the bleeding can arise for the first time only during sorts. The bleeding arises owing to partial placentae.
The bleeding at placentae arises suddenly, is not accompanied by painful sensations, quite often arises at full rest and even during a dream, periodically repeats, that leads to an anaemia (anaemia).
It is possible to confirm the diagnosis of prelying of a placenta by means of ultrasonic inspection which allows to define the placenta location in a uterus cavity.

consider pregnancy which proceeds more than 41-42 weeks.
Distinguish true when the child is born with dead-ripe stage signs, and the prolonged pregnancy at which the child is born without dead-ripe stage signs.
Except dead-ripe stage signs (dense bones of a skull, lengthening of nails, absence greasings) are available signs of "ageing" of a placenta — adjournment in it of calcium, infringement of its blood supply.
pregnancy is promoted by the abortions transferred earlier, diseases, infantility, chronic inflammatory diseases of internal genitals, infringements a cycle, developmental anomalies at a fruit.
As the placenta carries out a role of "lungs" and a "food" role of a fruit, at its such changes at a fruit oxygen and "food" starvation develops. However the fruit quite often is born large and with the big length of a body, than at normal pregnancy. It, probably, is connected with such reasons pregnancy as adiposity and others diseases at mother, during pregnancy. These reasons in itself are risk factors concerning development of a fruit with the big weight.
At ultrasonic researches, have huge value, which allow to estimate a condition of a fruit and to choose the optimal tactics in the relation .

The reason premature normally located placenta are the diseases accompanied by raised fragility of vessels: , diseases of cardiovascular system and kidneys, a diabetes, inflammatory processes in a uterus.
Certain value has pregnancy, , a restretching of walls of a uterus as a result and , a large fruit; physical (blow in a stomach or falling on a stomach) and mental (a strong fright, a nervous shock) traumas.
a small site of a placenta can remain not noticed or to be accompanied by insignificant pains in a stomach, increase of a tone of a uterus, it is painful -
at palpation of its place ; the bleeding from sexual ways happens small or at all is absent.

and a liquid, surround a fruit and are its biological environment.
waters in the pregnancy beginning "makes" (a water cover), later in formation waters active participation is accepted by kidneys of a fruit and fruit lungs.
The volume waters depends on pregnancy term. In 10 weeks of pregnancy the volume of waters averages 30 ml, in 14 weeks — 100 ml, and by 37—38 weeks — 1000—1500 ml. By the end of pregnancy the quantity waters can decrease in norm to 800 ml.
If at the quantity a liquid is more than pregnancy 1,5 litres, speak about . Usually this complication develops at future mums with a diabetes, at the women, suffering infectious diseases, or at a pregnancy Rhesus factor-disputed.

it is often found out at developmental anomalies of a fruit. Also it meets at pregnancy, and one fruit is quite often combined with another. At the stomach circle can reach more than 100 the Increased uterus see squeezes the next bodies, because of it future mum can have short wind, an indisposition, hypostases of the bottom finitenesses, weight and pains in a stomach and a back. At expressed often occurs antenatal waters.
Because of increase in free space the kid occupies often wrong positions in a uterus cavity: cross-section, slanting, . The restretched uterus during sorts is badly reduced, there is a weakness of patrimonial activity, and in the postnatal period the risk of a bleeding also in connection with bad a uterus is high. Often to the beginning of sorts does not fall or the prelaying part of the kid is badly fixed. At often make — opening a bubble. As a result of it the part of waters streams, the prelaying part nestles on an input in a small basin. The volume of a uterus decreases a little, that promotes more productive fights.

Treatment consists in a confinement to bed, appointment of the means reducing activity of a uterus, , the preparations improving blood circulation and correcting infringement curling of blood, physiotherapy. At insufficiency make suture on a neck of a uterus which remove more close to prospective term.
Treatment of threat of interruption of pregnancy is necessarily spent in a hospital where there are all possibilities to keep pregnancy and to render the necessary help in case of fruit loss.

Various adverse influences from mother and environment can lead to infringement of development of a fruit. One of such infringements diagnosed with the help of researches, the pre-natal growth inhibition of a fruit is. Ultrasonic diagnostics of a pre-natal growth inhibition of a fruit is based on comparison of data of measurement of a fruit with standard indicators for the given term of pregnancy.
First signs can be found out already at ultrasonic in the second trimester of pregnancy. can be symmetric when all bodies are reduced in regular intervals, and asymmetric when the head corresponds to pregnancy term, and the trunk lags behind in growth. More often symmetric form is diagnosed in the second trimester of pregnancy. The reason smoking, alcohol, chromosomal anomalies, infections, the hereditary and got infringements of coagulability of blood can be symmetric.
Asymmetric it is shown more often in the third trimester of pregnancy, after 32nd week of pregnancy against chronic diseases of mum (a hypertension or a hypotonia, diseases of kidneys and breath bodies), pregnancy complications (, interruption threat, an anaemia).
As a rule, the pre-natal growth inhibition of a fruit is accompanied with pre-natal oxygen insufficiency — pre-natal a fruit. Data of such researches can tell about it, as .
Treatment and preventive maintenance of a pre-natal growth inhibition of a fruit consists in treatment of diseases of future mum and pregnancy complications. Treatment spend to ambulator th or in a hospital depending on severity level . If hospitalisation is necessary — it is not necessary to refuse it.
To the preparations applied at treatment of a growth inhibition of a fruit, the means reducing a tone of a uterus, the means influencing curtailing system of blood and improving blood circulation in a placenta, vitamins concern vasodilating.
Huge value has a way of life. The sufficient and high-grade dream, a food, walks, timely rest of future mum promote "making up" by the kid of the normal sizes or a stop of the further growth inhibition of a fruit.
If treatment does not bring success, resort to preschedule . The method choice depends on a condition of the kid and a condition of mum.

During pregnancy threat of interruption and interruption can arise on any term. Pregnancy interruption in term till 22 weeks is called as an abortion, or abortion, and with 22 till 37th week — premature birth. Abortions share on early (till 14—15 weeks of pregnancy) and late (after 15 weeks of pregnancy). If pregnancy repeats more than 2 times, speak about habitual .

At premature interruption of pregnancy till 14 weeks egg gradually exfoliates from uterus walls, perishes and under the influence of reduction muscles is expelled from a uterus cavity entirely (full abortion) or parts (incomplete abortion). Thus, as a rule, appear or amplify allocation. Late abortion and premature birth proceed as usual sorts: there is a smoothing and disclosing of a neck of a uterus, waters, a birth of a fruit or .
To signs distinguish an abortion (or premature birth) menacing, beginning and in a course.
The condition of pre-natal  destruction of a fruit and its delay in a uterus cavity is called as not taken place abortion (or the frozen pregnancy) or not taken place sorts. The lost egg can is long to be in a uterus, thus is frequent signs of threat of interruption of pregnancy is not present. It represents huge danger to the woman concerning development of an intoxication by products of decomposition of a fruit, therefore it is necessary to interrupt such pregnancy urgently.

Any allocation from sexual ways are an occasion of the immediate reference to the doctor or a "first aid" call.
allocation and a bleeding in first half of pregnancy arise in most cases at threat of interruption of pregnancy and an abortion.
Small allocation, type smearing, meet at the broken extra-uterine pregnancy.
In all cases of bleedings in first half of pregnancy hospitalisation is shown.
Bleedings in second half of pregnancy arise at prelying of a placenta and premature normally located placenta.

Premature interruption of pregnancy is accompanied by a number of signs:
1. In the interruption beginning there is a feeling of weight or stupid, and in some cases a pain in the bottom part of a stomach and a waist. These are the most frequent signs of threat of interruption of pregnancy. The sensation of a pain can be replaced by intervals of relative rest.
2. allocation from sexual ways — the certificate on the beginning or placentae — is usually observed at early abortions, at late abortions and premature birth it is marked in case of placenta prelying. The beginning sometimes of premature interruption of pregnancy is accompanied by rupture a bubble and waters.
Menacing premature birth is characterised by pains in a waist and in the bottom of a stomach. It is quite often marked waters and increase of impellent activity of a fruit. In some cases probably to prolong pregnancy. For this purpose appoint special medical actions.

— quantity reduction waters to 500 ml and less. It often arises at such developmental anomalies of the kid, as developmental anomalies of kidneys (absence of kidneys, kidneys) and uric ways because of what receipt of its urine in is limited or stops. leads to a delay of pre-natal growth of a fruit, infringements of its development (to deformations of a backbone and finitenesses). Childbirth often happens long because of development of weakness of patrimonial activity. At sorts it is necessary to make opening a bubble in connection with its insufficient influence on process of disclosing of a neck of a uterus.