Diabetes — disease which is characterised by chronic infringement of a metabolism (carbohydrate, albuminous, fatty) with its most constant display — increase of sugar (glucose) in blood in which basis insufficiency of the basic hormone of a pancreas — insulin lays. This widespread disease with steady increase of its frequency.
The diabetes can arise to pregnancy or arise during it (a diabetes of pregnant women or a diabetes).
Characteristic signs of a diabetes are thirst, dryness in a mouth, frequent , the raised appetite, the general weakness, sometimes growing thin. At laboratory research sugar in urine, its increase in blood is defined.
In connection with infringement of all kinds of an exchange at a diabetes threat of interruption of pregnancy or premature birth, is quite often observed, the anaemia, is a lot of-vodie. In connection with damage of fibers and placenta vessels placentary insufficiency develops, therefore the fruit tests oxygen (pre-natal ) and "food" (pre-natal ) starvation. Change of all kinds of an exchange at mother leads to their those infringements at a fruit therefore there are defects of its development and the pre-natal destruction is possible.
At infringement of development of a fruit in the first trimester probably development «diabetic » with defeat of heart, vessels, a skeleton, a brain and urinogenital system. In 2—5 % these defects are incompatible with a life. Diabetic arises, as a rule, at the women, suffering a diabetes since the childhood.
At pregnancy the fruit is born with so-called «diabetic », the characterised big weight of a body (a large fruit — with weight more than 4000 , or a huge fruit — with weight more than 5000), infringements of proportions between a head and a trunk and functional immaturity. The birth of children occurs to the big weight of a body owing to receipt of surplus of nutrients (glucose and fats) which lead to increase in formation of insulin at a fruit and to adiposity.
Pregnancy, the turn, influences a diabetes current. In its first half and last weeks before sorts the condition of the pregnant woman can not change, in blood and urine decrease in level of sugar is marked. In second half of pregnancy and during sorts, in the postnatal period sugar level in blood and urine increases.
At the formation the fruit pancreas starts to work «for a two», that is provides with insulin both own organism, and parent, that conducts to its raised function. In it at a fruit are broken a carbohydrate, fatty and albuminous exchange.
Children at women sick of a diabetes are born unripe, they are inclined to diseases of respiratory ways, at them adaptation to to existence is lowered. <R> diabetic develops at women with a diabetes (or a diabetes of pregnant women), that is the diseased in pregnancy less often. Frequency of this disease makes 2—10 % of all pregnant women. As a rule, disease disappears in 6—8 weeks after sorts.
Despite high frequency of complications of pregnancy at a diabetes, at careful supervision of the accoucheur-gynecologist together with and performance of all medical appointments and observance by the recommended doctor of a diet it is possible to avoid many complications.
As during sorts complications are possible (weakness of fights, discrepancy of the sizes of a fruit and a basin of mother as a result of a large fruit, a trauma of soft fabrics of patrimonial ways, bleedings), often make operative by sections.
Pregnant women with a diabetes on term of 36-37 weeks of pregnancy should be hospitalised in maternity hospital, it is better specialised, for preparation for sorts or a Cesarean section.