Last years the number of the people, diseases of a thyroid gland suffering by various kinds has increased. It is possible to name the reason for it frequent stresses and psychoinjuring situations, unsuccessful ecological conditions, especially in large industrial cities, a poor-quality food, especially with iodic deficiency, and many other things the starting moments. It is noticed, that women several times suffer such diseases is more often. According to domestic and foreign researchers practically at every third woman after 30 years decrease in function of a thyroid gland is marked to some extent. Diseases of a thyroid gland not only promote development of various complications of pregnancy, but also can lead to barreness.
What is the thyroid gland, and what role is played by her in a human body?
The thyroid gland is located on a forward surface of a neck. It consists of two shares and an isthmus and has weight of 20 40 Despite small weight, the thyroid gland has huge value in human life.
In thyroid gland segments is about 35 million follicles. The follicle is functional and anatomic unit of a thyroid gland. In glands a follicle the vital hormones for the person — or (Т4), are formed. Iodine is necessary For formation of hormones of a thyroid gland.
Except and in a thyroid gland the hormone which regulates balance of calcium of an organism is synthesised.
Action and Т4 on an organism is difficult for overestimating: it is regulation of all kinds of an exchange (water, mineral, albuminous, fatty, carbohydrate), influence on growth and intellectual development of an organism, and also immune system.
Thyroid gland hormones are necessary for normal development of the future kid. Parent hormones in the first trimester of pregnancy provide a bookmark of the basic systems of an organism of the future child, including its nervous system.
Supervise activity of a thyroid gland brain departments — and a hypophysis. forms special substance — a hormone which, getting to a hypophysis, stimulates formation a hypophysis hormone . Last is a stimulator of activity of a thyroid gland that is expressed in formation of its basic hormones — Т4 and . At decrease in level of hormones of a thyroid gland level raises.
Thyroid gland hormones are allocated in blood, get to bodies sensitive to them (them name bodies-targets) and carry out the function. It is necessary to notice, that bodies-targets reaches only a small amount of hormones are so-called «free hormones». The big part of hormones is inactive and is in blood in the connected condition — in a complex with special fiber-carrier.
Most often in structure of diseases decrease in function of a thyroid gland — is marked. At this disease decrease in the maintenance of a dash-oidnyh of hormones in blood and increase in level which arises in reply to insufficiency and Т4 is marked.
Defeats of departments of the brain supervising work of a thyroid gland ( and a hypophysis), and also defeats of the thyroid gland (an inflammation, anomalies, tumours, hereditary defects of the enzymes which are responsible for formation of hormones, a lack of iodine of food) can be the reasons . The frequent reason is . Disease develops as a result of formation of antibodies to thyroid gland fabrics — (auto - means the).
As thyroid gland hormones influence practically all kinds of an exchange in a human body, their lack leads to delay of work of all bodies and systems. That right at the beginning at insignificant decrease in work any displays can not be is characteristic. Disease signs develop gradually. Further, at disease progressing there is a weakness, fast fatigue, memory decrease, drowsiness, depressive mood, feeling of a cold even in hot day, a fever, decrease in appetite and frequent locks, the anaemia, pains in muscles and joints, frequent infectious diseases, is marked loss of hair and fragility of nails, increase in weight of a body.
The lack of hormones of a thyroid gland is reflected in work of cardiovascular system: the bradycardia, decrease in arterial pressure is marked, pains in heart are possible. For occurrence of specific hypostases — they dense is characteristic also and lips and language settle down practically on all body, including area round eyes. Puffiness of a mucous membrane of a nose leads to difficulty of breath, puffiness of departments of an ear — to a hearing disorder, puffiness of vocal chords — to voice change (low and hoarse).
, even not expressed, can lead to barreness and other infringements of sexual system. Nevertheless, pregnancy approach is possible, and recently often meets at pregnant women.
it is dangerous to fruit development as in the first trimester of pregnancy when there is a formation of its nervous system, the organism is provided with insufficient level of hormones of a thyroid gland. The kid can be born with congenital (see Congenital ).
Often at pregnancy against develop , placentary insufficiency that can lead pre-natal and a fruit and even to its destruction.
However these complications can be avoided. Timely diagnostics and treatment of this disease are a guarantee of happy end both for future mum, and for the kid.
The basic diagnostic method is blood research. At there is a level decrease in blood hormones and increase in level which tries to stimulate a thyroid gland for development of their sufficient quantity. Research on presence of antibodies to a thyroid gland — antibodies — for an exception the disease nature is besides, carried out.
From tool researches ultrasonic research of a thyroid gland which allows to find out defects of its structure is informative.
Treatment including during pregnancy, consists in appointment of replaceable therapy of missing hormones. The dose of preparations steals up depending on their deficiency.
Other extreme measure infringements is — increase of function of a thyroid gland owing to quantity increase hormones.
Defeats of departments of the brain supervising work of a thyroid gland ( and a hypophysis) and defeats of the thyroid gland (a central and multinodal craw), and also superfluous receipt in an iodine organism can be the reasons . The frequent reason is a toxic craw (or illness). Disease develops as a result of formation of antibodies to thyroid gland fabrics — and is .
As the condition opposite also its displays are opposite to displays lowered and a thyroid gland — is marked not delay of the vital processes in an organism, and acceleration. Irritability, aggression, , feeling of heat, bad shipping of the raised temperature, a sleeplessness, feeling of the anxiety, the raised appetite and, despite it, a weight loss, propensity to diarrheas and frequent is marked. Surplus of hormones of a thyroid gland leads to a tachycardia, increase of arterial pressure, pains in heart, a short wind.
For eye signs are specific: an eye, occurrence of a white strip between and a century, doubling in eyes.
Diagnostics also consists in hormonal research of blood, definition antibodies, ultrasonic research of a thyroid gland, a computer tomography (at suspicion on defeat of departments of a brain).
Treatment consists in reception (i.e. Suppressing superfluous function of a thyroid gland) preparations, operative treatment in some cases is shown.
Pregnancy against long is unsafe for health of mother and a fruit. Developmental anomalies at the kid, and placentary insufficiency are often observed pregnancy.
Therefore early diagnostics of this condition, timely treatment, joint supervision and the accoucheur-gynecologist, careful performance of medical recommendations will allow to reduce risk of occurrence of possible complications as much as possible.