Medical blog

It is difficult to present modern obstetrics without ultrasonic researches. It and the harmless method, allowing to spend dynamic supervision over a current of pregnancy and a fruit condition. Standard it is considered 3-fold ultrasonic research at normally proceeding pregnancy on terms of 10-12 weeks, 20—22 weeks, 30 32 weeks of pregnancy. However often in addition ultrasonic research spend to the moment of an establishment of pregnancy (on early terms) and at receipt on childbirth (38—39 weeks). During pregnancy it is possible to consider any complications as the additional indication to carrying out of ultrasonic research.
With use gauges ultrasonic researches has considerably raised.
So, egg in a uterus cavity can be seen on term of 2-3 weeks; the little body of an embryo from 4—5 weeks, embryo palpitation is registered from 4—5 weeks; from 7 weeks it is possible to observe separate movements of a fruit; a head as separate formation, it is possible to see from 8 weeks; from 9 weeks it is possible to see legs and embryo handles; in 12 weeks the brain, a backbone, the person, a thorax, a stomach are visible; from 14 weeks brushes and stops, heart, a bladder are clearly visible.
In the first trimester it is possible to establish such pathologies as , absence of an embryo in the egg, the frozen embryo, defects of development of a head, anomaly of finitenesses.
The basic information on revealing of congenital and hereditary diseases of a fruit is given by ultrasonic research in the second trimester of pregnancy in terms from 16 till 28 weeks when all bodies and fruit systems are generated and accessible to detailed research practically.
At ultrasonic researches of a fruit define also its position in a uterus. Usually at pregnancy (in 95—96 %) the kid lays «a head downwards» — head prelying. If till 32 weeks of pregnancy to you make the diagnosis prelying — be not afflicted.
The kid still can change the position till this time.
It will be more difficult to make it if pregnancy is accompanied or .

Definition of a condition of a fruit is very important at pregnancy before sorts. Thus an estimation of rosto-weight parametres , placenta research , (research of movement of blood in vessels of an umbilical cord, a uterus, fruit vessels), diagnostics of abnormal positions of a fruit can be solving at a choice of terms and methods .
At placenta research define its thickness and structure, maturity degree. Degree of a maturity of a placenta is a condition of a placenta, characteristic for this or that term of pregnancy. There are 4 degrees of a maturity of a placenta: About, I, II, III. With each week of pregnancy the placenta grows, its thickness increases for maintenance with all necessary developing kid. By 36-37th week placenta growth stops, the placenta by the pregnancy end starts to "grow old". If degree of a maturity of a placenta advances norm, speak about «placenta presenilation».

The general recommendations, basically do not differ from the offered complex of gymnastic exercises for healthy pregnant women.

Ammonia, uric acid concern nitrogenous substances — end-products of disintegration of fibers and nucleinic acids urea, . On their concentration in blood it is possible to judge intensity of disintegration of fibers, character of an albuminous exchange, and also function of kidneys which deduce these products of an exchange from an organism. At pregnancy increase of these indicators is observed at infringement of secretory function of kidneys, at . Increase of concentration of ammonia can be at hepatic insufficiency. Increase of concentration of uric acid takes place at a gout, heavy forms ( and ), the nephritic insufficiency, some hereditary diseases. Increase of concentration of urea takes place at nephritic insufficiency, obstruction (corking) ways, dehydration, at insufficiency of function of adrenal glands. Concentration increase takes place at nephritic insufficiency, corking ways, infringement of function of the kidneys caused by reception of some medical products.

Decrease in the maintenance of nitrogenous substances can be at liver diseases, a diet with the lowered quantity of fibers, at treatment by some preparations.
Normal indicators of nitrogenous substances:
— 44—80 mkmol/l (at women). Urea — 1,7—8,3 mmol/l.
Uric acid — 142—339 mmol/l
(At women). • Ammonia — 12—65 mkmol/l.

The present or true childbirth can begin differently.
1. Occurrence of regular fights. They, as a rule, begin in the bottom part of a back and extend forward. In the beginning they repeat approximately in 20 minutes and have not intensive character, then become more frequent, strong and long.
2. waters — the expiration of a colourless liquid from sexual ways owing to rupture covers. It is painless process.
At occurrence of regular fights or waters it is necessary to go to maternity home.
That it is necessary to take with itself in maternity hospital
— Documents: an exchange card, the passport, the policy of obligatory medical insurance or the contract on paid childbirth;
— A dressing gown and washing slippers on a nonslipping sole;
— Soap and the disposable razor;
— Cotton socks — 1 steam;
— 6—9 cotton cowards;
— Linings for postnatal (it is desirable );
— Means of personal hygiene (a hairbrush, a tooth-paste and a brush, shampoo, etc.);
— A bra for feeding, disposable loose leaves for it, overlays on dummies for feeding of the kid, a milk pump;
— A postnatal bandage;
— Packing of disposable diapers (pampers) for the kid.
What to prepare on an extract
Usually things which are necessary in the postnatal period and at an extract with the kid, future mum collects.
In maternity hospital at an extract of the newborn it is necessary to bring a package with children's linen:
— 2 baby's undershirts (from a thin fabric and flannel) with the long sewn up sleeves;
— 2 diapers (from a thin fabric and flannel);
— A kerchief or a cap for a head and a warm hat (seasonally);
— A blanket in a blanket cover and a tape (the blanket can be , woollen or wadded, depending on a season and weather), an envelope for the newborn;
— 2 diapers (or pampers);
— A pacifier;
— Clothes and footwear to you on an extract.
The package with children's linen should be turned in a pure bed-sheet or a diaper about from your clothes.

The vitamin C maintenance in a fresh dogrose reaches 470 mg, and in dried — 1200 mg, therefore it is considered for a long time a curative wild-growing fruit. Infusions and broths from a dogrose stimulate , possess vasodilating properties, are useful at many diseases (, urolithic, etc.), raise resistibility of an organism to infectious diseases.

It is a preparation from the raised arterial pressure. At long application of this preparation for the newborn decrease in frequency of palpitation, body temperature decrease can be observed so-called « a rhinitis» owing to a hypostasis of a mucous membrane of a cavity of a nose, and also the drowsiness phenomenon. Therefore it is counter-indicative during pregnancy.
, also applied at increase of arterial pressure, can cause oppression of nervous system, increase of arterial pressure, an anaemia in a fruit.
— , — cause anomalies of urinogenital system in a fruit.

Treatment consists in a confinement to bed, appointment of the means reducing activity of a uterus, , the preparations improving blood circulation and correcting infringement curling of blood, physiotherapy. At insufficiency make suture on a neck of a uterus which remove more close to prospective term.
Treatment of threat of interruption of pregnancy is necessarily spent in a hospital where there are all possibilities to keep pregnancy and to render the necessary help in case of fruit loss.

illness is an expansion and lengthening of veins, formation of venous small knots. Change of a vascular wall and the device of veins is thus marked, blood circulation is broken. expansion of veins meets at 20-40 % of pregnant women.
The majority of the women, suffering this illness, occurrence it connect with pregnancy. And it it is no wonder. The changes occurring during pregnancy, promote formation of the expanded veins. Under the influence of a progesterone there is an expansion of veins and decrease in a tone of their wall, as leads to illness.
The increase in total amount of blood and delay of a current of blood in veins promotes development of this illness. Sometimes development expansions of veins is promoted by a low arrangement or placenta prelying.
expansion of veins at pregnant women is observed mainly on the bottom finitenesses, but can be and in about -
external genitals, a vagina, a rectum (hemorrhoids), in bodies of a small basin, on a skin of a stomach, mammary glands, buttocks.
At most often marked expansion of veins of the bottom finitenesses there are such complaints, as weight and weariness of feet, occurrence of hypostases, pains.
At expansion of veins of external genitals, vaginas are marked pains and feeling in the field of genitals.
The expansion which has appeared during pregnancy of veins tends to about-gressirovaniju diseases in the subsequent.

Nicotinic acid, daily requirement of the pregnant woman — 20 30 mg/days. Participates in carbohydrate obme -
Not, supports liver function, strengthens a blood-groove in capillaries, that positively affects placenta function. Besides, reduces arterial pressure, improves blood circulation, strengthens and motor activity of a stomach.
At a lack of nicotinic acid activity of digestive, nervous system and a skin is broken.
Nicotinic acid contains in meat (3—5 mg), a liver and kidneys (9—12 mg), yeast (10—20 mg), bread (3 mg) and buckwheat groats (4 mg), a potato. At temperature processing 20 % of vitamin collapse on the average.

Consisting in variety of products (and more all in a liver, beef, yeast, nuts, groats and rye bread) group vitamins In are necessary for maintenance of the whole complex of processes and functions in an organism of the pregnant woman. The daily requirement for them in pregnancy increases in 2—3 times.